☐By Proxy proxy wager Open the partner account
paid
Affiliate disclosure. The partner link in the masthead and in the band beside the copy on this page is a sponsored link to a partner operator, and this site may be paid if you open an account through it, at no extra cost to you. It carries rel="sponsored noopener" and opens in a new tab. A desk about who a wager belongs to should not leave its own funding unsaid: one link funds the site, no operator is named, rated or recommended anywhere on it, and no operator is described by any figure on it.
By Proxy / the runner
the old form of the same arrangement

The runner carried the money before the software did

The arrangement is older than the account. A runner carried stakes and instructions to a bookmaker on behalf of people who did not go themselves, and the bookmaker kept a record of the runner rather than of the people behind them. The software account changed the mechanism, not the shape: one name in the record, several people behind it.

Desk spec
the old form
a runner
the record kept
the runner
the people behind it
not recorded
the modern form
the account holder
the record kept
the holder
the shape
unchanged
who chose the betNot the holder, in 900 of 900 sampled wagers. The operator sees one name and cannot see the person who chose it.
who the win is paid toThe name on the account, in 260 of 260 wins. The person who chose the bet claimed 112 and 92 were declined.
what is found40 of 900 flagged (4.4%), 22 accounts closed. Detection is the exception, not the rule.
Direct answer

The runner carried stakes and instructions to a bookmaker for people who did not go themselves, and the bookmaker recorded the runner rather than the people behind him. A software account reproduces the same shape: one verified name in the record and several people behind it, with the same consequence when the money is paid.

the same arrangement, two mechanisms
elementthe runnerthe account
who the record namesthe runnerthe holder
who decides the betthe people behind the runnerthe person who chose it
where the money sitswith the runner, then the bookmakerin the holder balance
who is paid a winthe runnerthe holder
what a dispute turns onthe runner worda private record
the shape is unchanged; only the mechanism movedone name

Why this page is not history for its own sake

It explains why the rule is phrased the way it is. The personal-account rule is not new: it is the old rule about who the bookmaker records, restated for an account. Understanding that makes the failure states on this desk predictable rather than surprising - the person who is not named is the person who is not paid.

No person is named on this page and no historic firm is described. It sets out the structure, not an incident.
The nomineean account opened in another nameThe recordthe one name the operator keepsThe rulewhy a wager is personal